10 facts:
1. The first successful renal transplant in the People’s
Republic of China was in 1972; As of 2008, there have been 86,800 renal
transplantations.
2. The shortage of donor organs limits the potential number
of successful organ transplantations in China to about 10,000 each year, of
which 4,000 are kidney transplants.
3. Between 1 and 1.5 million Chinese patients are placed on
organ transplant waiting lists each year, yet less than 10% of them manage to
receive an organ.
4. In China, 65% of the transplantation operations done in
China use organs from deceased donors, over 90% of whom are from executed
prisoners. The other 35% of transplantations use organs from live donors.
5. Renal transplantation units are generally not Government
run, and mostly are private clinics.
6 Over 90 countries use brain death as the criterion to
declare death, but since organ transplantation’s inception in China in the
1960s, cardiac death has been used.
7. Until 2007, no legal framework for national oversight of
China’s transplantation system existed. Even now there is no national system
for transplantation. In 2007, the Chinese Ministry of Health published the
Regulation on Human Organ Transplantation, which outlined China’s initial steps
to regulate organ transplantation, but the system remains under-regulated.
8. Only one-in-five hospitals (≈123 hospitals) are approved
to perform kidney transplantation. Quality surveillance and management of
transplantations have improved substantially (JAMA).
9. China remains a center for transplant tourism because
there is access to organs and the cost is lower than in developed countries. The
cost is estimated as ≈ $50,000/kidney (Daily Telegraph UK).
10. An increasing number of Americans are traveling to China
to receive transplanted kidneys, livers, corneas and other body parts from
executed Chinese prisoners (New York Times article).
In China, despite the 2007 guidelines prohibiting payment, organ
donors continue to receive financial compensation.
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