This is a high powered EM of a glomerular capillary loop. What does it show?
Answer: a sub-epithelial deposit
Answer: a sub-epithelial deposit
Commentary on the latest advances and controversies in kidney disease: Dr. Seuss 'Oh the places we will go.'
Large sub epithelial hump found in postinfectious GN
ReplyDeleteAccording to the Washington University School of Medicine and other institutions researchers completed a study of DNA sequencing confirmed that more cancer patients can benefit from efficient breast cancer drugs.
ReplyDeleteThe researchers found that some HER2-negative breast cancer subtypes women may benefit from anti-HER2 drugs, even if the standard test does not indicate that they would benefit from these drugs.
Ron Bose, MD said: At present, they do not accept the HER2 targeted therapy, because we do not have a way to identify their type of breast cancer. We predict that they will have a more aggressive form of breast cancer.
Currently, HER2-positive type of breast cancer treatment drugs inhibit HER2 protein function. To be classified as HER2-positive patients than normal, more copies of the HER2 gene. HER2-driven tumor growth, some gene copies of HER2-positive patients may have up to 20 parts.
The latest findings were published in the December 7 Cancer Discovery magazine, researchers analyzed eight cases DNA sequencing studies including the data of approximately 1500 patients.
1500 patients, 25 patients had HER2 gene mutation, the gene was not amplified. Analysis of 13 gene mutations, seven were found to promote the growth of cancer. Laboratory analysis, these mutations against HER2 drugs Rapa behalf of Nepal and trastuzumab response. Two mutations resistant Rapa imatinib, but they come to that erlotinib (Neratinib) reaction to that imatinib is a newer anti-HER2 drugs currently in Phase Ⅱ clinical trials.
Bose also warned that some of the mutations that "silence", which means they do not drive the growth of tumors, and therefore may not respond to anti-HER2 drugs. The results of this study led directly to carry out the second phase of clinical trials, whether the patient would benefit from anti-HER2 drugs to test the HER2 gene mutation. The trial will include the stage Ⅳ HER2-negative breast cancer patients. HER2 gene sequencing to look for mutations. If the mutation is present, they will be in addition to standard treatment should be given to that treatment erlotinib (Neratinib),. This work is a grant from the National Institute of Health (NIH Authorization Number R01CA095614 U01HG00651701 and U54HG003079) funding.
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